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Title
Description
Date

W.D. Craig, Sr. standing in front of his drugstore at 1106 East 1st Street

1928

W.D. Craig, Jr. and Dorothy Craig standing outside surrounded by trees and shrubs.

1928

Three men are working with a horse drawn hay wagon in 1928.

1928

View of a parade float for Diez Y Seis 1928. A Mexican flag is on the front of the truck, and group of Mexican American children rides on a platform on the back of a truck.

1928

Based on original map drawn in 1919. Includes Legend showing city limits, bridges, boundary lines of city divisions, railroads, original survey lines, electric street railroad, fire stations, sand, fire hydrants, and buildings. Mounted on linen.

1928

Exterior, angled view of St. John Orphanage in 1928, located in North Austin on a tract of land. The three-story, stone building was built to home over 300 orphan girls and a two-story frame building for a boys' dormitory. In 1893, the late Dr. L. L. Campbell became moderator. St. John District Association was known to be the largest association for African Americans. Moderator Campbell negotiated plans for an Orphan Home and School. He purchased three hundred and fifty (350) acres of land, and in 1906, built St. John Orphan Home, but not without struggle. The St. John Orphanage, which was located in North Austin on a tract of land, where Highland Mall is presently located. Rev. Campbell was known as the founder of the St. John Orphanage.

1928

The 1928 Austin city plan (also known as the 1928 Austin master plan) was commissioned in 1927 by the Austin City Council. It was developed by consulting firm Koch & Fowler, which presented the final proposal early the next year. The major recommendations of this city plan related to Austin's street plan, its zoning code, and the development of major industries and civic features, but it is most remembered for institutionalizing housing segregation by designating East Austin as the city's "negro district". Koch & Fowler submitted their finished proposal to City Council in January 1928, in a document titled "A City Plan for Austin, Texas". The 80-page report included a large section on the development of the city's street plan, another on the design and placement of municipal parks and other urban green spaces, and a number of shorter sections on other public amenities such as public schools, cemeteries, fire stations, and a proposed civic center. Other sections discuss the development of the city's railroad and streetcar networks, the desirability of a municipal airport, the establishment of a new municipal zoning code and rules for land subdivision, and the city's integration into the development of the surrounding region. Creation of the Negro District on the land targeted in the 1928 Master Plan was enforced by the city’s land use regulation. The legalized segregation of African Americans by the 1928 Master Plan evolved into the effective and real segregation of African Americans and Latinx people in East Austin. The "pull" incentives recommended in the city plan were complemented by "push" incentives when the city avoided extending the sewer system or paved roads into the existing freedmen communities elsewhere in Austin, and real estate "redlining" also pushed African Americans east of the central city. By 1932 almost all of the city's black residents had relocated to East Austin, and the other black communities across the city had largely disappeared. This pattern of racial housing segregation persists in Austin to the present day.

1928

Group portrait in front of the Capitol of Texas entrance

1928

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